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For reference
Our thanks to the Auckland Regional Botanic Gardens for some of the information supplied in this article.They recommend this book as further reading and information on growing Clivias:


Clivias by Harold Koopowitz, James Comstock (Photographer), Peter Smithers. It provides a practical, comprehensive treatment of the history and biology of clivias,  as well as their cultivation and breeding details for specialists and collectors. A nice addition are the anecdotes about collectors' love of clivias and clivias' namesake Lady Clive. It includes resources for more information and plants.
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Clivia, its history and uses in flower arranging and floral art,and a reference book for further reading.

The Facts
Clivia (pronounced kly-ve-a) is named after the Duchess of Northumberland, who was a member of the Clive family.

The three species most commonly grown ,in our gardens are C. cauleseens, C. gardenii and C. miniata. All species of Clivia are evergreen with strap-shaped leaves, thick fleshy roots that are well equipped for storing water, have flamboyant coloured flowers and attractive cherry-like fruits.

Clivias are naturally found only in southern Africa in dappled shade of evergreen forest, along shaded watercourses, ledges and ravines and occasionally on rocks or in tree forks. C. nobilis is sometimes found amongst dune vegetation in quite sunny situations. 

C.miniata
Clivia distribution extends from the coastal parts of the Eastern Cape in an easterly direction, through KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland to Mpumalanga and into the Northern Province. Today wild populations of species occur in relatively small pockets often widely separated from each other. In reality the genus appears to be in retreat as more of their forest habitat is cleared for development. Increasing demands for traditional medicines (muti) have put clivias at risk from over-collecting, as well as the illegal removal of plants from the wild by enthusiasts. 
Garden Use
They are excellent plants for large containers in a shady corner of the patio or deck and make ideal indoor plants. The showiest of the species is C. miniata var. miniata, ideal for mass planting in the shade of trees and buildings as well as for containers. They appear to enjoy having their roots restricted provided they are well fed. C. miniata has all year round interest with its thick, dark green and strap-shaped leaves, huge rounded umbels of either orange, red, cream or yellow flowers followed by stunning bright red or cream/yellow coloured berries.

Important requirements for successful clivia cultivation are shade, good drainage, good soil aeration and plenty of humus. Dappled shade is the most suitable location for growing clivias outdoors. When planted in full sun the foliage turns yellow and scorches. If you have a poorly drained clay soil raise the level by adding plenty of decomposed compost, granulated pine bark and coarse pumice. Plant 60-80cm apart. After planting, mulch with bark to retain soil moisture. An annual application of sulphate of potash is beneficial. 

Once planted, clivias prefer to remain undisturbed for many years, and best flowering results are always obtained from well-established clumps. They can be left in the same position for ten years or more and only lifted and divided once flowering diminishes. Division of the vertical rhizomatous rootstock is the most reliable method of propagating plants. 

Clivias are prone to a few pests and diseases with slugs and snails doing the greatest damage to the flower buds, and flower stems. Mealy bug, white, waxy sucking insects are often troublesome at the bases of the leaves. 
In Flower Arranging
C Miniata in the orange plumage is  quite common in New Zealand, and only used  in floral designs by arrangers with a garden as a resource, They are not yet cultivated commercially for the floristry market. The newer yellow colour , pictured at the top of the page, I spotted for the first time at the 2002 National Clivia Show and it took my breath away. Still very expensive, it is still too precious and rare to cut for an arrangement and the flowers last for a very long time if left in the garden.

Notwithstanding all that the more common orange variety is able to be used in great looking modern designs where mass groupings are needed. Mary Thompson of Auckland, New Zealand used them in her 2 placement design for the Designer of the Year competition in Auckland 2002. Pictured on the right, you can see she complemented the  flower heads with palm spathes and palm leaves  for a very sculptural effect. with a drape in the complementary colour of blue the flowers were effective in their mass.

The flower heads do need a long drink before using them in a design, as they wilt quite quickly otherwise.