For
reference
Our
thanks to the Auckland Regional Botanic Gardens for some of the information
supplied in this article.They recommend this book as further reading and
information on growing Clivias:
Clivias by Harold Koopowitz, James
Comstock (Photographer), Peter Smithers. It provides a practical, comprehensive
treatment of the history and biology of clivias, as well as their
cultivation and breeding details for specialists and collectors. A nice
addition are the anecdotes about collectors' love of clivias and clivias'
namesake Lady Clive. It includes resources for more information and plants.
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Clivia, its history and uses in flower arranging and floral art,and a reference book for further reading.
The
Facts
Clivia
(pronounced kly-ve-a) is named after the Duchess of Northumberland, who
was a member of the Clive family.
The three species most commonly grown
,in our gardens are C. cauleseens, C. gardenii and C. miniata. All species
of Clivia are evergreen with strap-shaped leaves, thick fleshy roots that
are well equipped for storing water, have flamboyant coloured flowers and
attractive cherry-like fruits.
Clivias are naturally found only
in southern Africa in dappled shade of evergreen forest, along shaded watercourses,
ledges and ravines and occasionally on rocks or in tree forks. C. nobilis
is sometimes found amongst dune vegetation in quite sunny situations.
C.miniata
Clivia distribution extends from the
coastal parts of the Eastern Cape in an easterly direction, through KwaZulu-Natal
and Swaziland to Mpumalanga and into the Northern Province. Today wild
populations of species occur in relatively small pockets often widely separated
from each other. In reality the genus appears to be in retreat as more
of their forest habitat is cleared for development. Increasing demands
for traditional medicines (muti) have put clivias at risk from over-collecting,
as well as the illegal removal of plants from the wild by enthusiasts.
Garden
Use They are excellent plants for large
containers in a shady corner of the patio or deck and make ideal indoor
plants. The showiest of the species is C. miniata var. miniata, ideal for
mass planting in the shade of trees and buildings as well as for containers.
They appear to enjoy having their roots restricted provided they are well
fed. C. miniata has all year round interest with its thick, dark green
and strap-shaped leaves, huge rounded umbels of either orange, red, cream
or yellow flowers followed by stunning bright red or cream/yellow coloured
berries.
Important requirements for successful
clivia cultivation are shade, good drainage, good soil aeration and plenty
of humus. Dappled shade is the most suitable location for growing clivias
outdoors. When planted in full sun the foliage turns yellow and scorches.
If you have a poorly drained clay soil raise the level by adding plenty
of decomposed compost, granulated pine bark and coarse pumice. Plant 60-80cm
apart. After planting, mulch with bark to retain soil moisture. An annual
application of sulphate of potash is beneficial.
Once planted, clivias prefer to remain
undisturbed for many years, and best flowering results are always obtained
from well-established clumps. They can be left in the same position for
ten years or more and only lifted and divided once flowering diminishes.
Division of the vertical rhizomatous rootstock is the most reliable method
of propagating plants.
Clivias are prone to a few pests and
diseases with slugs and snails doing the greatest damage to the flower
buds, and flower stems. Mealy bug, white, waxy sucking insects are often
troublesome at the bases of the leaves.
In
Flower Arranging C Miniata
in the orange plumage is quite common in New Zealand, and only used
in floral designs by arrangers with a garden as a resource, They are not
yet cultivated commercially for the floristry market. The newer yellow
colour , pictured at the top of the page, I spotted for the first time
at the 2002 National Clivia Show and it took my breath away. Still very
expensive, it is still too precious and rare to cut for an arrangement
and the flowers last for a very long time if left in the garden.
Notwithstanding
all that the more common orange variety is able to be used in great looking
modern designs where mass groupings are needed. Mary Thompson of Auckland,
New Zealand used them in her 2 placement design for the Designer of the
Year competition in Auckland 2002. Pictured on the right, you can see she
complemented the flower heads with palm spathes and palm leaves
for a very sculptural effect. with a drape in the complementary colour
of blue the flowers were effective in their mass.
The flower
heads do need a long drink before using them in a design, as they wilt
quite quickly otherwise.